Joachimsen/Esther, 7. Esther, That Is Ishtar: An Interpretation of the Esther Figure in Light of the Ancient Near Eastern Goddess Ishtar

This article examines the figure of Esther in the Hebrew Bible in light of the ancient Near Eastern goddess Ishtar. It highlights thematic parallels — such as Esther's royal status, her agency, and her role in redemption and judgment — that reflect core attributes of Ishtar. Drawing on textual and archaeological evidence from the Hellenistic period, the study suggests that motifs associated with Ishtar may have shaped the literary construction of Esther. The result is a theological and political reading of the Book of Esther that unites hope for liberation with a subtle critique of foreign rule.